Since 1 July 2007, all French consumers have been able to choose their electricity supplier. With the mechanism in place in France, all load extraction from and all injection into the transmission or distribution system must be allocated to a balance responsible party (BRP).

The BRP System is therefore one of the cornerstones of the opening up of the French electricity market. It enables all parties to operate on the electricity markets, while at the same time ensuring that the French power system remains balanced.

Currently, over 200 stakeholders are BRPs. Each one of them ensures a balance between injections (inputs) on the one hand and extractions (outputs) on the other across its perimeter. This perimeter can cover:

• extraction components: consumption sites across the Public Transmission System, consumption sites across the Public Distribution Systems, trades (block exchanges, exports, sales on markets, etc.), DSO power losses
• injection components: power generation sites, trades (block exchanges, imports, purchases on markets, etc.).

For each imbalance settlement period and for each BRP, RTE calculates the difference between injection and extraction: this is calculating the imbalances.

The imbalance settlement period is 30 minutes for data with an application date up to 31 December 2024. According to the European Regulation 2017/2195 "Guideline on Electricity Balancing", imbalance settlement period is set to 15 minutes for data from 1 January 2025.

To calculate the balance responsible entity imbalances and invoice for them accurately, RTE needs metering data from the distribution system operators (DSOs): this is the allocation process.

The "historical imbalance process" and temporal reconciliation

The balance responsibility allocation process for data with an application date prior to 5 October 2024 is made up of two separate processes that are carried out one after the other:

The “historical imbalance process” allows to estimate BRP imbalances using consumption, generation and grid losses data provided by the TSOs for each BRP before the index meters are read. It is used to invoice BRPs between M+1 and M+12 and is itself based on: 

• the "profiling process" (carried out by the DSOs) which consists, when the periodicity of measurement of the index meter of a site connected to the PDS is insufficient, in estimating a load curve at the time interval required for the reconstitution of flows, based on the measured consumption of the site and assigning it a consumption profile.
• Spatial Alignment (carried out by RTE) which then consists of correcting the consumption load curves estimated by profiling, so that the sum of the load curves assigned to the BRPs at the national level is equal to the physical DSO extraction measured on all the DSO delivery point substations.

Temporal reconciliation is for correcting the distribution grid perimeters after the index meters have been read. It is used to invoice BRPs in Y+2. 
The final time reconciliation, covering the period from July 2024 to 4 October 2024, is scheduled for 2026.

The « Unique imbalance process »

The widespread use of smart meters by DSOs enables daily energy readings to be taken, paving the way for a new, more accurate and faster way of reconstructing flows. This is essentially based on the following two principles: 

• use daily energy statements to allocate energy to BRPs, including BRP losses, 
• merge the “historical imbalance process” and the “temporal reconciliation process” into a unique “imbalance process”, from 5 October 2024. 

The widespread use of smart meters by the DSOs will make it possible to use daily energy readings, opening the way to the implementation of a new, more precise and accelerated flow reconstruction. This will be based essentially on the following two principles :

• Use the daily energy records for the allocation of energy to BRPs, including the BRP for losses, 
•  merging the “imbalance process” and Temporal reconciliation into a “single imbalance process", starting in October 2024. This process will allow the closure of BRPs invoicing in M+12.

This process will enable BRP invoicing to be completed in M+12.

The “unique imbalance process” covers data with an application date on or after 5 October 2024. It enables BRPs to be invoiced between M+1 and M+12 and is itself based on :

• The ‘loss normalisation’ process, which consists of transferring the uncertainties on the DSO's losses
• The ‘spatial calibration’ process, which then consists of correcting the consumption load curves estimated by profiling, so that the sum of the load curves assigned to the BRPs at the national level is equal to the physical PDS extraction measured at all the PDS source substations in the territory.
• The calculation of a daily residual integrated into the overall consumption balances; this marks the end of the invoice dedicated to the residual in A+2.

Roles entrusted to the DSOs

The DSO is responsible for checking the quality of data that it produces and sends to RTE. To do this, it is tasked with the following responsibilities:

Data exchanged between the DSOs and RTE 

As part of the allocation process, the distribution system operators and RTE exchange reference data and dynamic data.

For more information about sending reference data, click here
For more information about sending dynamic data, click here

Data quality is a fundamental consideration: the DSO is responsible for checking the quality of data that it produces and sends to RTE.

Simplified provision

Depending on your type of network and the sites connected up to it, you may be eligible for simplified provisions for sending your data to RTE.

Annual invoicing of temporal reconciliation (until RT21)

Once the index meters have been read, you must send RTE the data from profiled sites that have been "reconciled" according to the reading. This is the second step after the imbalances have been calculated: temporal reconciliation, which is invoiced to the BRPs annually.

You send RTE:

• the estimated reconciled consumption/generation/loss load curves
• before the 15th day of month M+14 for the month M
• for each active BRP on your network

These load curves are calculated based on energies which use the indices which manage the period to be profiled. The procedures for producing these curves are detailed in  article 3.R.2 "Relations between the DSO and the Balance Responsible Party" of Chapter 3 "Balance Responsible Party System" of the Market Rules.

Temporal reconciliation is invoiced in October of year Y+2 for the year-long period running from July Y to June Y+1.

The services provided by RTE to help you perform your tasks

To help you send the data needed for the allocation process, RTE provides you with a number of digital services.

Data that can be viewed, also available for download

Portals and MMI

APIs, for connecting your IT system to RTE's

Documentation

• Implementation guide for data exchanges between DSOs and RTE for the balance responsible party system.
• Schedule 2024 & 2025 for sending load curves (DSO to RTE and RTE to DSO)
• Overview of partners APIs for market players 

Contrats focus

• The client connected up to the network signs a "unique contract" with their supplier for a complete service covering the supply and transport of energy.
• Remotely-read clients can also choose to sign a distribution network access contract with the distribution system operator directly and a separate contract with their supplier.
• For supplier distribution system operator contracts, the supplier designates the BRP for the distribution system operator for clients to whom it supplies electricity and who are connected up to the distribution network.
• The distribution system operator enters into a contract with the supplier’s BRP based on the rules governing the BRE mechanism.

Finally, the distribution system operator enters into a contract with RTE for the management of the BRE mechanism across its network, in order to formalise information exchanges (Appendix 3.A14 of Chapter 3 "Balance Responsible Party System" of the Market Rules).

Contact

For more information, contact your usual account manager or email marketservices@rte-france.com

For any technical problems in communicating data, RTE has a hotline that you can telephone on 0810 80 50 50 or you can write to rte-hotline@rte-france.com